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This morning i finished reading The Amber Spyglass by Philip Pullman. Now it's time for my review of the His Dark Materials trilogy to which this is the conclusion.

I've been writing this review in my head through half the trilogy, but i wanted to actually finish the trilogy before setting any of it down.

The quality of Pullman's writing craft i'll give a B. It was particularly uneven with regard to vividness. In many parts, there was no attention given to the senses at all - no description of sights, sounds, smells. Now, typically, i don't like prose which is bogged down in elaborate descriptions of things. But a few hints here and there, just to tickle the senses, would have been effective - especially given the (literal) otherwordliness of many of the book's settings. In other places the setting descriptions were so elaborate the scene felt bogged down.

Dialogue was good though, and the characterization was (with one exception) superb. I love that the protagonist is an untidy, poorly-behaved, stomping-in-the-mud, neighborhood-warfare-waging, prank-pulling, truth-challenged 12 year old girl.

The exception is Marisa Coulter, a femme fatale who wields charm, seduction, and manipulation to achieve supernatural results. Coulter is the hardest character to read, because one never knows when she is being upfront and when she is lying until she actually acts. I know this is by design, and that element of not knowing would be laudable if it were done via any different means; but it's still unfortunate to see a character play an essential role mainly because everyone who meets her is stunned by how she looks.

Still, i have to give Pullman some points for writing a work of fantasy in which female characters are just as strong and prominent -- if not, on balance, a little more so -- as male characters.

The plotting and storytelling i'll give an A. As a whole the work is superbly conceived and structured. It's set in an elaborate multiverse and the reader finds herself wishing she could take tangents, just to learn more about this or that. Lyra's world, where the story starts, is fascinatingly different from our own. Even the experience of day to day life as a human being is vastly different there, because every person has a companion, a dæmon, who is an extension of their individual being and nature.

In many ways, this is the ultimate "underdog" story. The heroes are figures usually cast as villains: witches, fallen angels (esp. gay ones), dæmons, harpies, users of divination, gypsies ("gyptians" in Lyra's world), African kings, rebels, dissidents... while the villains of the book are figures of authority: various members of the European upper class, bishops and other church functionaries, and upper ranks of angels, including God himself.

Wait, so God is a villain in His Dark Materials? Well, it's more complicated than that. spoilerish stuff starts here )

Hmm, not sure how to characterize the last few paragraphs, but since they gel with my own views, i'm going to give it an A. Which means that my overall grade for the trilogy is about an A-.
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For about a week now, i've had an instance of Notepad up on my computer at home with the words, "boredom; pleasure taken; pleasure shared" written in them. These terms each represent key elements of a complex constellation of thoughts i woke up with on Saturday morning and which have sought articulation ever since.

What do i mean by it? For a while now i've been pondering the notion that pleasure points us towards what is good and right. But obviously i have to say so with caveats because not all pleasure is good. When i say something like that, i am thinking of the way i feel when i am with a lover; and i strive, as much as i can, to see to it that my interactions with lovers are an even give and take, a meeting of equals who bring things into one anothers lives. This is pleasure shared. If my lover has an orgasm, i did not "give" it to him or her, i did not "make" him or her come; it is pleasure he or she felt but which we experientially shared. I am so well-attuned to my closest lovers that i would swear i can feel some of it sympathetically when they experience pleasure.

And i would contrast this with "pleasure taken," and in so saying i suppose that the experienced hedonists among my readers can instantly grok where i'm going with this. I've had encounters with people who took pleasure from me; not just the rapes and the sexual assault, but people who had no interest in sharing an experience with *me* as an individual. Who *i* am made no difference at all; the idea was to reduce sex to a scripted, detached thing, wherein partners are completely interchangeable.

Naturally, this is not a recipe for happy-making sex; it's what people do when they are looking for a way to separate this activity from the rest of their lives, rather than when they want to integrate it.

And, in most of those encounters i took pleasure as well, not as in taking my own, but taking theirs, in a way where i too did not have to share an experience with them as a person, but simply having one.

I've learned how to tell at a glance when someone is the sort of person who is more likely to be looking to take pleasure from me, and i have to avoid them. It is almost certain that they will bring nothing good into my life at all.

When i've been asked, "What did you get out of that?" i can't really answer. Something indefinable. I usually felt incredibly sexually charged hours afterwards, so some part of me was getting something out of it. Most people say they can't imagine having sex that way, but i have to say, i've encountered enough who do from every walk of life and of every gender that the potential for it is pretty much universal (at least among Americans).

Which is where "boredom" comes in, because i think it has a lot to do with what drives it. Not boredom in the sense of, you're sitting around one evening and saying to yourself, "Ho hum, what am i going to do tonight?" No, i mean boredom in the really deep sense of the word. The same kind of boredom that drives zoo animals to mutilate themselves after they've been pacing around a small cell, staring at the same four fucking concrete walls day after day. You can change your room around or get a new apartment, you can get a new job, but your life can still be, in a deeper sense, like staring at four fucking concrete walls all the time.

This is the downside to civilization. And i think all of us struggle with this, some of us more successfully than others.

Eventually it deafferents your soul. Why do i choose that word? Because an animal, after having a part of their body deafferented, will often chew it off. This is what many of the Silver Spring monkeys did. At that point, you know what it is you need, but you actively avoid it in favor of the dehumanizing experience which you know is only going to cut you off from your life a little further. And that thing could be dehumanizing sex, or it could be alcohol or drug abuse, or whatever.

Why do we push deeper into that which we know damn well is going to ruin us? Honestly, i don't know. Maybe the brain gets used to it, and sees it as the closest thing to "interesting" that is going on at that point. I think we can accurately call it a break with reality.

One antidote for that boredom seems to be pleasure shared. And by that i mean in the broader sense, not just sexual pleasure, and not just happiness with a partner; it could be just an evening of "hanging out" and "not doing anything special" (put in quotes to demonstrate that such things are more crucial than people generally think). Think that's not important? Go without it for six months.

I don't want to say it absolutely *has* to be pleasure shared with another person because sometimes it can be very affirming to share pleasure with oneself. But i suspect that most of us would usually need to share with others.

It's not a cure-all, certainly, but i find that a lot of my psychic disorientation seems to clear up when i have enough of this in my life. When i say something "grounds" me, that's usually what i mean; experiences which make me mindful, present in the now, pleasure shared.
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Originally published at Monstrous Regiment. You can comment here or there.

Last week i wrote a long post in response to the online posting of an essay by Dr. Paul McHugh of Johns Hopkins. Then yesterday i encountered again the idea of ‘autogynephilia’ among transsexual women, this time in the context of J. Michael Bailey’s work.

Yes, THAT J. Michael Bailey. A number of people far more capable, connected, and knowledgeable than i have undertaken the task of demonstrating the holes, shortcuts, and ethical breaches in Bailey’s research, so i’m going to take a different tack — to explore the subtext and presumption behind this controversy.

When i wrote that post my reaction was fueled by indignation at seeing my life and experiences, and those of many people i care about, reduced to something immoral and pathological. But my reaction assumes the same moralistic paradigm. To respond properly, i need to take that paradigm head-on because i believe that moralism and respectability were self-servingly constructed in order to suppress dissent and oppress minorities. Indeed, we gallae know this well; the iconic story of our life is to have fingers pointed at us in accusation by the very same men who accepted our favors the night before. We, being visible, cannot hide behind the notion of respectability which allows people of privilege to hide from accountability for their deeds.

‘Autogynephilia’ is a model promoted by Ray Blanchard, who coined the term; Michael Bailey, who promoted it; and Anne Lawrence, a post-op TS who lends legitimacy and the weight of further research. The word was defined by Ray Blanchard as “a man’s paraphilic tendency to be sexually aroused by the thought or image of himself as a woman.”

Look at that definition. The real meaning, which all but literally drips from this statement, is, essentially, “They’re being naughty.” And furthermore, the arguments made by Blanchard, Bailey, Lawrence, McHugh, et al., is that sex-reassignment therapy is a misuse of the medical profession’s sway over the public to promote naughtiness; that transsexual women (where are the transmen in all of this? nonexistent of course) cause psychiatrists and surgeons to be unwitting participants in the acting out of their sexual fantasy.

It’s a funny thing, arousal. In my time, i’ve toyed with the idea that arousal is one of the body’s ways of telling us that something is good or right. I can lay beside my partner, or walk down the street holding her hand, and feel my flesh get warm and tingly, you know, down there; i’ve even heard that women sometimes feel arousal when breastfeeding their child. Affection and breastfeeding are good, and if they should be accompanied by arousal, why should we conclude that there is suddenly something immoral going on? Why shouldn’t the body be able to respond positively to encourage us to seek more of something, when after all, the body is also capable of reacting with physical repulsion or sickness?

This doesn’t mean that arousal is always good or right. But maybe, even just sometimes, it can be a reflection that we are doing something right.

Furthermore, and here’s the point i am really heading towards: even if some or most of us do happen to be aroused at some point in conjunction with of our transition, it does not necessarily follow that transition is therefore invalid, or improper, or unhealthy. It does not mean we are lying when we say it is what we need.

I find particularly moving this essay by Margaret McGhee, who was a participant in a now-defunct online autogynephilia support group. I was going to quote from it, but i’d rather anyone interested just read the essay.

She arrived a conclusion not unlike my own, that gallae live our lives adrift at sea, tossed this way and that by competing ideologies and narratives that silence us and re-write our lives in their image. There is not a single paradigm for answering the “transsexual problem,” but there are instead numerous competing narratives. If we live our lives in resonance with one, we run afoul of another; there is no way to win. In the spaces between competing paradigms, our lives, our bodies, our minds, even our sexual favors, are bargaining chips.

An underlying implication of this conflict is that gallae are not allowed to be aroused. This is a running theme: it is a likely reaction to medicines and surgery; it is a prominent theme in many a galla’s sex life and is often found in galla-objectifying pornography; and then we see moralistic, pathologizing condemnation like this if it does occur. Sexual arousal is the prerogative of the ruling class.

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More evidence that the Chaliban's anti-choice movement is about punishing women for having sex instead of protecting life:

Cedar River Clinics, a women's health and abortion provider with facilities in Renton, Tacoma, and Yakima, filed a complaint with the Washington State Department of Health this week alleging three instances where pharmacists raising moral objections refused to fill prescriptions for Cedar River clients. The complaint includes one incident at the Swedish Medical Center outpatient pharmacy in Seattle. According to the complaint, someone at the Swedish pharmacy said she was "morally unable" to fill a Cedar River patient's prescription for abortion-related antibiotics. Cedar River's complaint quotes its Renton clinic manager's May 17, 2005, e-mail account: "Today, one of our clients asked us to call in her prescription... to Swedish outpatient pharmacy. [We] called the prescription in... and spoke with an efficient staff person who took down the prescription. A few minutes later, this pharmacy person called us back and told us she had found out who we were and she morally was unable to fill the prescription." (Cedar River thinks their client eventually got her prescription filled.)

from Bitter Pill: Women's Health Clinic Files Complaint Against Swedish Medical Center Pharmacy (emphasis added) (thanks to [livejournal.com profile] mom2boysbh for the link)
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In the past i have written about guiltless pleasure as a radical act against authoritarianism. When one's relationship to pleasure has been damaged, one is more pliable to follow authoritarian schemes. At the base of this pliability is a certain kind of proneness to violence (especially in men) resulting from this damaged relationship to pleasure which can be channelled into the currency of rulership.

Some of us have the instinctive idea that a cadre of 'sacred whores' can lead the way by demonstrating the pleasure-positive life in ways that bring goodness to people individually and society as a whole.

However, there's a difficulty here which is subtle and not easy to articulate. But i think a few pieces of the puzzle are coming into view for me.

[livejournal.com profile] imomus gave one important piece in his post about "raunch feminism," which he says defines the 'lewd choreography' of raunch as empowerment:

My main objection... to raunch feminism is this. Feminism as a project has two sides: the dismantling of patriarchy, and the empowerment of women. Raunch feminism proposes that women can be "empowered" without dismantling patriarchy... in fact, by embracing "the male gaze" entirely.


If a woman wants to be sexual on her own terms -- especially if she understands the psychology and politics of freeing oneself and others from restrictions on pleasure -- she faces a gauntlet of social censure, taunts, jeers, and occasional violence, for being a 'traitor' to patriarchal demands for chastity. (It is important to note that a woman cannot be safe from sexual mistreatment by choosing to be chaste instead.) To free yourself of these fetters and be unabashedly human can feel empowering.

But the patriarchal catch-22 is that women are also rewarded for making themselves sexually available. Sexual availability on demand is, after all, what patriarchy ultimately demands of women. So the empowerment of being sexual on one's own terms can be lost to the financial rewards available for playing to men's desires and commodifying one's sexual availability. You run from one demon right into the arms of another.

Being rewarded for doing something one enjoys can seem empowering... but once sexual availability has been commodified, this empowerment is lost. (Consider, for example, the points made here by [livejournal.com profile] ginmar on the link between prostitution and rape.) The momentary praise one receives from individual men for giving them easy access to sexual gratification is a cheap substitute for true self-determination. (Trust me on this.)

Think about it: if patriarchy were easy to undermine, a matter of straightforwardly doing one thing or another, women would have figured out how to undo it centuries ago. But patriarchy traps women in a sexual maze, where they are undervalued for being too prudish and simultaneously undervalued for being too brazen. One institution sings the praise of chaste women, while another, very different institution sings the praise of sluts; and together both build a maze around women.

It is not possible to "reform" social sexuality within this maze. As [livejournal.com profile] imomus suggested, quoted above, it is not possible to empower women without undermining patriarchy.

So if we are to liberate ourselves from sexism and authoritarian pleasure-restriction at the same time, we must have a clear understanding of when we are trapped within the maze and when we have managed to transcend it.

I'm inspired here by an extensive piece which Aleister Crowley offered on this topic. In this quote, Crowley proclaimed the victory of women's equality achieved by loosing her from bearing the brunt of social strictures on sex, and the commodification of sex:

In vain will bully and brute and braggart man, priest, lawyer, or social censor knit his brows to devise him a new tamer's trick; once and for all the tradition is broken; vanished the vogue of bowstring, sack, stoning, nose-slitting, belt-buckling, cart's tail-dragging, whipping, pillory posting, walling-up, divorce court, eunuch, harem, mind-crippling, house-imprisoning, menial-work-wearying, creed stultifying, social-ostracism-marooning, Divine-wrath-scaring, and even the device of creating and encouraging prostitution to keep one class of women in the abyss under the heel of the police, and the other on its brink, at the mercy of the husband's boot at the first sign of insubordination or even of failure to please.

Man's torture-chamber had tools inexhaustibly varied; at one end murder crude and direct to subtler, more callous, starvation; at the other moral agonies, from tearing her child from her breast to threatening her with a rival when her service had blasted her beauty.


I don't know that there's a particular guideline that will ensure beyond doubt that one's efforts as a sacred whore have not been subverted. It seems to me that on this path one must look to one's will for guidance and avoid doing that which one does not wish to do. But what does this mean, to wish to do something, when one needs money to eat? What does this mean, to wish to do something, when one is starved for affection and approval?
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During my very productive conversation with [livejournal.com profile] daoistraver here, i wrote this:

i don't see any way to prevent an aristocratic power-grab from happening in the absence of a population-wide regulatory structure to keep them from taking everything. That's why i'm a socialist and not an anarchist. Even then the people at the upper echelons find ways to manipulate the existing system, including government, to suit their purposes -- which is something i agree with you completely on -- but on balance i think the population as a whole are better off with welfare and regulation enforcement, however corrupt, than they are without that at all... unless someone could prove to me that the next revolution would be permanent and would not just result in yet another class stratification.
For about a year i've been looking for a way to formulate what i saw expressed quite succinctly yesterday: the Iron Law of Oligarchy, which i summarized in yesterday's post: "all forms of organization, regardless of how democratic or autocratic they may be at the start, will eventually and inevitably develop oligarchic tendencies."

I see this as a serious problem, perhaps THE serious problem: all revolutions are in their turn either suppressed, or are undermined and appropriated and become the oligarchs' key to our hearts and minds -- they cannibalize us while making us think it's in our best interest. This has happened so often and so faithfully that imperialism and kyriarchy have been seriously proposed by biosociologists as the natural tendency of our species.

So, how do we solve it? What slogans, principles, ideologies, churches, movements, chants, protests, guillotines, etc., will not eventually be turned around and used against us? We can storm the boardrooms and congress and subvert the media and march in the streets, but to what end, if a generation or so from now, we've got the same status quo all over again, but using the name of "revolution" as happened in Russia?

We need a revolution not just of people in the street (though that might be a component of it too); we need a revolution that erects an eternal fountain of compassion and loving-kindness in each person.
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A locked post on my friend's list this morning has me thinking about the role and nature of personal conduct as a topic of public interest.

The very thought of public intrusion into certain aspects of private behavior makes Americans go nuts. Americans do not want the government to tell us to wear helmets when we ride a motorcycle (this has been an extremely contentious issue), we don't want restaurants to tell us we can't smoke in here, and in general as a culture we have very mixed feelings about things like drug laws, alcohol restrictions, firearm registration, and so on. We don't want people to tell us to lose weight, to watch less TV, to drive within the speed limit, to restrict our sex lives, and so on.

On the other hand, it is entirely accepted that our behavior is restricted in other ways: we accept punishment for things like murder, rape, robbery; even for insider trading, espionage, embezzling, and so on.

One distinction suggested is that in the second class of behaviors there are clear victims, whereas in the first class, there are no clear victims.

From a particular point of view, though, one could say that society is collectively impacted by poor personal choices. A principle of economic thought is that any cost ripples throughout the whole economy. So the medical costs of tobacco or alcohol, for example, affect everyone. The economic effect of a distant individual's choice to drink alcohol has a negligable effect on you or me, but the combined costs of millions of drinkers has a noticable effect. These costs have been known for thousands of years and this offers, in my not-so-humble opinion, a prime motivation behind moral codes.

But the real distinction between vice (so-called here not to make a value judgment but to use a handy term we all know) and crime isn't the lack of tangible victimization; after all, many crimes and ethical violations like insider trading or pollution similarly have no clear direct impact on specific individuals. The key is that vice is enjoyable and often does not have directly negative individual consequences.

The other dimension to this is the psychological effect of having your access to pleasure controlled by people in authority. I've argued before that controlling access to pleasure has the effect of making people more placid and malleable. It is our implicit understanding of this that makes complex the politics of pleasure control, and marks the reason why so many of us have instinctive objections to attempts to restrict our personal behavior. Maybe some of you feared that above i was gearing up for a rationalistic assault on vice and therefore on your liberty. (Or, alternately, maybe you thought i was being eminently more sensible than usual.) This effect, a kind of pleasure-control principle, has also been known for thousands of years and offers, in my not-so-humble opinion, another prime motivation behind moral codes.

No one can deny the economic costs of vice. But here, finally, we encounter the price we are willing to pay in exchange for pleasure-liberty.

One way to express this in a very general way is with the use of an equation:

K x Price of Vice = Socially-Acceptable Degree of Personal Liberty


Now, this should not be seen as an "equation" but as a description of an equilibrium-state society constantly seeks. The terms of this statement are constantly changing in value and are not entirely independent. Since the values of these variables are changing and are interdependent on a wide variety of things there is no one best answer to this equation for all time; each society collectively moves the dial like the pointer on a Ouija board in search of equilibrium.

Here we have, in a nutshell, the essence of our long history of struggles between authoritarianism and libertarianism, and an indicator of why social attitudes about things like sex, alcohol, drug use, and gambling vary so much from place to place and from time to time.

"K" is a term representing the varying social mood with regard to authority and liberty. The higher K goes, the more permissible a society is; but with more permissiveness comes an increase in the economic cost of vice -- or at least the perception thereof, very important -- throwing society away from the equilibrium and in favor of reactionary authoritarianism. Blue laws, helmet laws, the War on (Some) Drugs, and so on, or the repeal thereof, represent tokens in the seeking of this equilibrium.

This equation actually shows one way in which authoritarians have a hand-up, because most people, including most hedonists, want to be economically responsible. And so when a new reactionary vice-restriction law is being discussed -- like, for example, the reduction of the federal speed limit to 55 miles per hour in the 1970's -- the economic cost angle can be deployed to sway some of the fence-sitters. All the libertines have in their corner is the age-old argument against the abuse of power, and a keen awareness of how very difficult it is to restore a freedom once it has been ceded to the authorities.
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Chris Wilson of Lakeland, Florida, said in an interview that he created the site in 2004 as a simple Internet pornography venture: Users post amateur pictures--supposedly of their wives or girlfriends--and for a $10 registration fee, others can take a look. He claims there are about 150,000 registered users on the site, 45,000 of whom are military personnel. Of the 130,000 unique visitors who come to the site daily, Wilson estimates that 30 percent of the traffic, or 39,000 unique users, are US military personnel.

Early on in his Internet venture, Wilson said, he encountered a problem--potential military customers in Iraq and Afghanistan couldn't pay for membership, because credit card companies were blocking charges from "high-risk" countries like Iraq and Afghanistan.

Not wanting to shortchange US troops, Wilson established a rule that if users posted an authentic picture proving they were stationed overseas, they would be granted unlimited access to the site's pornography. The posting began, sometimes of benign images of troops leaning against their tanks, but graphic combat images also began to appear. As of September 20, there were 244 graphic battlefield images and videos available to members.

...The website has become a stomach-churning showcase for the pornography of war--close-up shots of Iraqi insurgents and civilians with heads blown off, or with intestines spilling from open wounds. Sometimes photographs of mangled body parts are displayed: Part of the game is for users to guess what appendage or organ is on display.

from The Porn of War (some foul language, so perhaps NWS), cited in The Heart of Darkness, linked by [livejournal.com profile] antiwar_dot_com


Is the link between sex and violence in pornography, which keeps coming up in myriad ways, an inevitable side effect of the medium? Or does this link form when pornography is produced and consumed in a society rife with imperialism and oppression? I lean towards the latter, and i still hold on to the idea that non-exploitative, non-sexist pornography can be a good thing.

A while ago i wrote about the suggested link between pornography and the Abu Ghraib photos. In that discussion i pondered the ways in which militaristic culture would twist the medium of pornography to the purpose of mischanneling pleasure as part of the culture's efforts to produce a class of soldiers.

If my thesis is right, then woman-positive porn should have some effect towards calming sexism, racism, and militarism -- that is, *if* consumers bottle-fed on high-impact thrill porn can develop a taste for kinder, gentler woman-positive porn.

Unfortunately, exploitation remains profitable, even (perhaps especially) in an industry like pornography. It is as if the archontic forces are aligned against the success of such a project: capitalism, militarism, desensitization, misogyny, racism, addiction, and... i don't know a term for "compulsively seeking prurient thrills in the depiction of violence."

Postscript. I recall having a discussion in my journal at some point, though going back through memories now i can't find it, about the prurient-violent depictions of Hell sometimes given by Bible-thumping preachers, in which it is clear that pleasure is being taken in the thought of sinners suffering in Hell. I think that style of religion plays a role in this too, as part-and-parcel of the cultural pattern of what militarism has done to American culture.
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I say this not because i think drugs are great, but because an examination of it reveals the prejudicial attitudes on which it is predicated, and because i am sickened to see the many lives that have been sacrificed on its altar.

The War on Drugs is predicated on the idea that drug use is indication of a "moral failing." Person X lives a somehow "degraded" life (and we can therefore pity or despise her) and "turns to drugs" to "escape the harshness of her life." Or, alternately, person Y is a bored suburbanite teenager "lured" to drug use, like sailors drawn to the rocks by the siren song, pressured into trying it by his peers ("if it weren't for that kid with funny hair and ex-hippie parents, my child would never have tried them").

This is the way drug use is portrayed by the malestream media, projecting this moralistic analysis from the safety of gated communities far from the 'iniquity' of urban life, and thus, presumably, far from anywhere drugs are commonly used or sold.

It is but one brick in a wall built to disguise an authoritarian kyriarchal agenda, a power grab by the elites of this society predicated on racism, classism and sexism. It is a bandage covering a festering wound and soaking up the pus without allowing efforts to heal it by addressing its cause: oppression and exploitation. The "Drug War" is a way of pretending that oligarchical collectivism and cronyism can exist in a civilized society, by othering the victims and labelling them immoral.

This becomes obvious when we see that the addictions that are tolerated are precisely those that mask people's feelings and thus make people more pliant and/or hard-working. Caffeine and nicotine are more dangerous than THC or opium and are more habit-forming, but they are the "socially acceptable" addictions. Other "acceptable" addictions include several SSRIs and other prescription medications, which can also have more dangerous side effects than THC or opium.

The previous paragraph is not meant to promote pot or heroin, but just to point out that the "Drug War" rationale of protecting people from harmful substances is utter hogwash. Where was this rationale for the 38,000 people killed by Vioxx in four years? Other myriad dangers of drug use are the direct result of efforts to ban them.

Some therapists refer to drug use as "self-medicating," because the main reason people form drug habits is to feel normal. There are exceptions, of course, people seeking pleasure or thrills. But lots of people try many different drugs and don't form addictions because, nice as it may make them feel, they don't need it to correct dopamine-receptor imbalances caused by long-term physical abuse, or to mask emotions they feel required to hide from friends and partners, or to get through long hours of dehumanizing work.

It's long been noted that drug war punishments are disporportionately directed at people of racial minorities. This is a typical "one-two punch" pattern of cannibalistic oppression: to treat the often necessarily drastic and long-term-self-destructive survival tactics of people in oppressed minorities as though they are moral failings, and then punish them.

I touched on this issue a few weeks ago with my post on "options and empowerment." If you have an imbalance of this kind in your life, the solution is not court-mandated therapy, but actual changes to your life and environment. Drug users cannot make the real changes that they need in their lives, because decisions about how we are going to live and survive are not up for democratic discussion. Those decisions are hoarded by those with the power to decide where jobs will be located, with the power to hire and fire.

On another dimension, the "Drug War" is an attempt by authoritarians to control what substances people put into their bodies. Historically, psychoactive substances have sometimes played a role in revolutionary awareness (recognizing this is somewhat of a shift from my previous thoughts on this matter), and guiltless pleasure has the potential to undermine the militaristic tone of an authoritarian culture.

crossposting to my journal and crossposting to [livejournal.com profile] kyriarchy
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Not long ago, I went looking online for porn for the first time ever. I was, uh, doing research, yeah, that's it. For the most part I have never been particularly interested in visual porn and have much more strongly preferred written smut, especially literary erotica.

I have to say I was rather shocked by what I found. I mean, not literally shocked shocked, as in my eyes bled and my jaw hit the floor, but I was really disconcerted to see the degree to which it was difficult or impossible to separate images from a context of degredation and humiliation.

Now, I know porn doesn't have to be that way. I've seen many examples of positive, non-dehumanizing porn. But I wonder if there isn't something about the medium itself, or the common-denominator reaction to it, that tends to inspire dehumanization. I'm don't think so, though, because there's evidence that it is this society in particular that inspires dehumanization in pornography.

For a while now I've been examining the anthropology of sex, in particular the use and mis-use of sex in militaristic cultures. An article I quoted here last year argues for a strong correlation between violence and restriction of pleasure. Today, in this exchange with [livejournal.com profile] alobar, a few more pieces of the puzzle fit into place for me.

In primate society, a male's access to sex is restricted according to his place in the social hierarchy. A male who is not the alpha knows his place because of restrictions on his access to sex. It is my theory that this works in reverse -- that men act in a subservient way if their access to sex is restricted. If so, there is a strong incentive for the leaders of a militaristic society to repress healthy sexual expression.

Some species of primates use homosexual sex to defuse potential conflict. I believe that it has this effect on human males, too.

My theory also proposes that in militaristic societies, in which large numbers of men are expected to take up arms in wars of conquest, a healthy relationship to pleasure is thwarted, by means of sexually repressive memes, but also by association of pleasure with dehumanization. Those who can provide outlets for healthy sexual expression -- women and homosexually-passive men (and male-to-female transsexuals), especially if they work as prostitutes -- are marginalized.

This may explain, for example, why some cultures had traditions of "sacred prostitution" -- because women and some men could contribute to social welfare and peace by providing sexual services. In a culture where peace is valued, prostitution could easily turn into a sacred task because it contributes demonstrably to public peace. In contrast, the militaristic authors of the Old Testament forbade any Israelite from becoming temple prostitutes (in fact, several of the anti-homosexual passages in the OT are actually proscriptions against male temple prostitution), which were a feature of life among the Canaanites and certain other Semitic societies.

This article to which [livejournal.com profile] alobar linked had some interesting thoughts on the possible influence of dehumanizing pornography on the torture photos from Abu Ghraib:

In fact, most of the torture photographs have a sexual theme, as in those showing the coercing of prisoners to perform, or simulate, sexual acts among themselves. ... [M]ost of the pictures seem part of a larger confluence of torture and pornography: a young woman leading a naked man around on a leash is classic dominatrix imagery. And you wonder how much of the sexual tortures inflicted on the inmates of Abu Ghraib was inspired by the vast repertory of pornographic imagery available on the Internet --- and which ordinary people, by sending out Webcasts of themselves, try to emulate.

What formerly was segregated as pornography, as the exercise of extreme sadomasochistic longings - as in Pier Paolo Pasolini's last, near-unwatchable film, Salo (1975), depicting orgies of torture in the Fascist redoubt in northern Italy at the end of the Mussolini era - is now being normalized, by some, as high-spirited play or venting. To "stack naked men" is like a college fraternity prank, said a caller to Rush Limbaugh and the many millions of Americans who listen to his radio show. Had the caller, one wonders, seen the photographs? No matter. The observation --- or is it the fantasy? --- was on the mark. What may still be capable of shocking some Americans was Limbaugh's response: "Exactly!" he exclaimed. "Exactly my point. This is no different than what happens at the Skull and Bones initiation, and we're going to ruin people's lives over it, and we're going to hamper our military effort, and then we are going to really hammer them because they had a good time." "They" are the American soldiers, the torturers. And Limbaugh went on: "You know, these people are being fired at every day. I'm talking about people having a good time, these people. You ever heard of emotional release?"


Our psychology is not far off from the egregious displays of torture and violence which were taken as entertainment by the Roman public. Emotional relief for the masses -- to sublimate the terribly dehumanizing pressures of living on the bottom tiers of a decidedly cannibalistic society.
sophiaserpentia: (Default)
After my post last night, I asked myself why there are no major religions that tell people it's just fine to relax, enjoy themselves, and have fun once in a while. (There is an exception -- Judaism -- but I will get to that in a moment.)

It's not uncommon in the texts of any religion to see people portrayed as so irrepressible, sinful, and lustful, that without the guidance of God (and, naturally, his appointed representatives on earth) they would be entirely without virtue and would inevitably give way to their darker impulses.

Now, it's true that we're better off with some kind of moralism in place. But what is wrong with a moralism that says, "It's okay to have fun sometimes, as long as you don't overdo it"?

And why is it that you don't see people flocking to new religious movements that say such a thing? I have been accused by apologists of wanting to "pick and choose" my own morality as it suits me. But if people are indeed so quick to turn to "darker impulses," then why is it that religious movements which are permissive, hedonistic, or libertine/libertarian don't seem to do well?

I'm sure it will be pointed out in reply that few religious texts actually say, "Never have fun." (Some do.) But religious authorities almost always interpret moral instruction in a way that is more restrictive than the text strictly implies. And this restrictiveness tends to pile up over time, as commentary on scripture starts to be treated as holy scripture itself.

The restrictiveness also tends to pile up as the culture becomes more driven; it reflects and contributes to changing patterns of centralized authoritarianism. There are myriad ways in which a religion of fear benefits an authoritarian or imperialistic regime; just to raise one example, a recent study investigated the ways in which the belief in hell contributes to economic growth.

The culture of restrictiveness, fear, violence, and authoritarianism seems to resonate with something inside the human animal, as well as molding the way in which the brain is able to think creatively and outside the box. Authoritarian structures are simply more efficient at spreading memes and in persisting than libertarian ones; and therefore over time the authoritarians will tend to win out -- even though they present what seems to be a less appealing way of life. Most of us, slaves to the system in some way, or under threat of violent oppression in some way, have no choice but to go along.

Authoritarians also have a tactic that libertarians do not -- they are much quicker to turn to violence and intimidation. So it is not uncommon to see libertarian, hedonistic, or libertine movements branded heretical or blasphemous and violently suppressed. Which may be one reason why Jews have suffered the oppression which they have -- for belonging to a faith which requires a day of rest every seven days (along with ::gasp!:: drinking of wine!) and which sees sex, marriage and reproduction not as a sign of sinfulness but as one's sacred duty.
sophiaserpentia: (Default)
I want to spend more time investigating the debate between Augustine and the Pelagians. I think this, combined with the actions of Constantine, marked the final shift within Christianity from a movement which was fundamentally radical and iconoclastic, to a movement which was a fundamental part of the authoritarian establishment.

Augustine introduced a dualistic doctrine into Christianity which, drawing from his Manichaean origins, sought to portray humanity as sinful by nature. Sin, he taught, was passed from father to child through the semen. Previous Christian tradition had taught that sin was a failure of action and attitude; Augustine's contribution portrayed humanity as entirely helpless in the face of "sin nature" which was embedded in human flesh itself.

In my opinion, this position prevailed because people are easier to herd when their sexuality is tightly controlled. If this is true, then it is always in the interests of those in authority to control access to sex and restrict the population's sexual expression.

I've been developing this idea for some time now:
Sex as defiance in the face of the 'powers and principalities'
Control by restriction of the ways in which people feel good
On the 'virtues' of suffering
Pleasure without guilt as a rebellious act
Deprivation of physical pleasure as a principal root cause of violence
sophiaserpentia: (Default)
I've commented at some length about why I chose the magickal motto Sophia Serpentia. I don't believe I've commented, though, on my choice of the name "Qedesha."

[Deuteronomy 23:17] There shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite (qadesh) of the sons of Israel.

This word qadesh (QDSh) (which is now typically translated as "male temple prostitute") is etymologically related to qadash (QDSh) which means "consecrate" or "sanctify":

[Exodus 13:2] Sanctify (qadash) unto me all the firstborn, whatsoever openeth the womb among the children of Israel, both of man and of beast: it is mine.

Note that these words have the same consonants and are different only by a vowel. A mystery therein; the sacred and profane, the ordained and the forbidden, so close and yet so far, separated by what? Sex and obedience. A man who associated with or became a male temple prostitute was using his reproductive potential in a self-determined way, rather than in the way commanded by Jehovah.

The approval of Jehovah hinges on obedience; the qedeshim were associated with a different cult -- probably a Canaanite religion practiced in the same region -- and so were among many in Judaea doing pagan practices. Judging from the amount of space given to pagan practices ("doing what was wrong in the eyes of Jehovah") in the Old Testament, it's reasonable to conclude that the priests of Jehovah had to struggle, sometimes mightily, to keep their practices and teaching foremost among the people of Judaea.

Perhaps the qedeshim were connected somehow with the gallae of the cult of Cybele; they derive from the same archetypal current, I think. Perhaps (speculating a bit more now) the qedeshim even included John the Baptist.

Now, how this concerns me.

I am a firstborn son.

I also feel as though I am called to fulfill this in the first sense. It is impossible for me to convey in words the deep sense of satisfaction and fulfillment, and I daresay spiritual completion, which I feel from giving pleasure.

So I have taken sometimes to referring to this as "my calling," though there are difficulties with stating this in a literal sense. I am sure, for example, that I have a romanticized notion of what it means to be a "temple prostitute." Perhaps the idea itself is to some degree a romanticized notion. But the idea of sacred pleasure, pleasure as a means to draw one out of the false garden of the Archons, appeals to me on many levels.
sophiaserpentia: (Default)
For consideration:

hypothesis 1: if a religion or philosophy teaches that pleasure is bad, they will also teach that the role of women (and GLBTI people) in society or in the religious heirarchy should be restricted.

hypothesis 2: if a religion or philosophy teaches that the role of women (and GLBTI people) in society or in the religious heirarchy should be restricted, they will also teach that pleasure is bad.

Questions:

Is this correlation valid? How strong (or weak) is it?

How might we account for exceptions?

Is there a causation at work here, or an unidentified third factor?

Does the opposite apply -- in other words, is there a correlation between feminist/egalitarianism and hedonism?
sophiaserpentia: (Default)
An "idle thought" inspired by the conversion on my recent entries about pleasure restriction.

Human civilization is only possible because we are predators.
sophiaserpentia: (Default)
One of the reasons we are taught to be suspicious of pleasure is that the pursuit of it might lead us to do whatever we want, whenever we want... with whomever we want.

But what's so bad about that?

If it seems a silly question, I invite you to examine it a little more closely. What IS so bad about that? Jealousy, perhaps... but some would also raise the spectre of "the collapse of the social order."

Would the social order really be at risk of collapse? An interesting question, complicated by recent evidence to suggest that monogamy may not be the natural norm to which humans are biologically inclined. What most of us experience in the practice of monogamy is a constant tension between culture (memes) which tells us monogamy is good, vs. our bodies, which tell us that straying sometimes seems like a really good idea.

When getting to the bottom of a conspiracy, we are prompted to ask, "who benefits?"

A large aspect of the way our social order is arranged regards controlling the reproductive capacity of women in order to ensure clear male parentage. This is not the whole picture, but it is clear that the male who is concerned about which children are his specifically is the one who benefits most from control over access to sex partners.
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Tonight I was discussing with [livejournal.com profile] lady_babalon the strange notion we have in our culture that suffering is somehow more virtuous than pleasure. Of course, few will actually come out and say it that way. But we have sayings like, "No pain, no gain," and in many aspects of our lives, most of us feel guilty for doing things that make us happy.

Many of us act as though taking on extra suffering somehow makes us better people, as if there is an invisible tally sheet in the sky where we are given demerits if we have more than our share of happiness, or if we suffer less than those around us.

On one level, I think there is an innate understanding that we perceive unfairness if those we consider our equals to have a much greater amount of happiness or pleasure than those around us -- and so, for the sake of social appeasement, we mutually cancel out our pleasures with burdens. Similarly, much of the time we develop unhealthy and compulsive habits, like addictions to sex, drugs, or alcohol, which ensure that any pleasure we feel is mingled with excuses for self-loathing. This pattern is also expressed as fear of success.

But I think that there is another, more primal level at work. As primates we sense that we have a natural place in a tribal heirarchy. Our place within the heirarchy determines how much pleasure we are allotted, and so claiming pleasure for ourselves is a way of challenging our position in the heirarchy. Our instincts interpret the feeling of pleasure as akin to direct challenge to authority.

The ultimate authority is God -- and so we find that theonomic or conservative religion is heavily concerned with what sorts of pleasure we experience, and what restrictions we place on our pleasure consumption. We are taught to feel that it is somehow sinful to feel pleasure, that pleasure somehow separates us from God.

But when I examined that notion tonight -- the supposed virtue of suffering, and the supposed sinfulness of pleasure, I realized that it doesn't match my experience. I can't think of any suffering which I have experienced that made me a better, more compassionate person. Indeed, it has been times of happiness, of calm, of increased access to sex, when I have been more inclined to be generous and compassionate. [livejournal.com profile] lady_babalon added to this that times of fear and suffering in our lives are generally when one is more inclined to be less concerned with the suffering of others, simply because when one must focus on one's immediate survival, there is less incentive to be selfless.
sophiaserpentia: (Default)
The following are excerpts from the article "Body Pleasure and the Origins of Violence" by James W. Prescott, published in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists in November 1975. Italics from the original. The tables are particularly noteworthy.

As a developmental neuropsychologist I have devoted a great deal of study to the peculiar relationship between violence and pleasure. I am now convinced that the deprivation of physical sensory pleasure is the principal root cause of violence. Laboratory experiments with animals show that pleasure and violence have a reciprocal relationship, that is, the presence of one inhibits the other. A raging, violent animal will abruptly calm down when electrodes stimulate the pleasure centers of its brain. Likewise, stimulating the violence centers in the brain can terminate the animal's sensual pleasure and peaceful behavior. When the brain's pleasure circuits are 'on,' the violence circuits are 'off,' and vice versa. Among human beings, a pleasure-prone personality rarely displays violence or aggressive behaviors, and a violent personality has little ability to tolerate, experience, or enjoy sensuously pleasing activities. As either violence or pleasure goes up, the other goes down.

It is well known that human infants and children who are hospitalized or institutionalized for extended periods with little physical touching and holding develop almost identical abnormal behaviors, such as rocking and head banging.

Although the pathological violence observed in isolation-reared monkeys is well documented, the linking of early somatosensory deprivation with physical violence in humans is less well established. Numerous studies of juvenile delinquents and adult criminals have shown a family background of broken homes and/or physically abusive parents. These studies have rarely mentioned, let alone measured, the degree of deprivation of physical affection, although this is often inferred from the degree of neglect and abuse.

Societies ranking high or low on the Infant Physical Affection Scale were examined for degree of violence. The results clearly indicated that those societies which give their infants the greatest amount of physical affection were characterized by low theft, low infant physical pain, low religious activity, and negligible or absent killing, mutilating, or torturing of the enemy. These data directly confirm that the deprivation of body pleasure during infancy is significantly linked to a high rate of crime and violence.

Some societies physically punish their infants as a matter of discipline, while others do not. We can determine whether this punishment reflects a general concern for the infant's welfare by matching it against child nurturant care. The results indicate that societies which inflict pain and discomfort upon their infants tend to neglect them as well.

Adult physical violence was accurately predicted in 36 of 49 cultures (73 percent) from the infant physical affection variable. The probability that a 73 percent rate of accuracy could occur by chance is only four times out of a thousand.

Of the 49 societies studied, 13 cultures seemed to be exceptions to the theory that a lack of somatosensory pleasure makes people physically violent. It was expected that cultures which placed a high value upon physical pleasure during infancy and childhood would maintain such values into adulthood. This is not the case. Child rearing practices do not predict patterns of later sexual behavior. This initial surprise and presumed discrepancy, however, becomes advantageous for further prediction.

Apparently, the social customs which influence and determine the behaviors of sexual affection are different from those which underlie the expression of physical affection toward infants.

When the six societies characterized by both high infant affection and high violence are compared in terms of their premarital sexual behavior, it is surprising to find that five of them exhibit premarital sexual repression, where virginity is a high value of these cultures. It appears that the beneficial effects of infant physical affection can be negated by the repression of physical pleasure (premarital sex) later in life.

The seven societies characterized by both low infant physical affection and low adult physical violence were all found to be characterized by permissive premarital sexual behaviors. Thus, the detrimental effects of infant physical affectional deprivation seem to be compensated for later in life by sexual body pleasure experiences during adolescence. These findings have led to a revision of the somatosensory pleasure deprivation theory from a one-stage to a two-stage developmental theory where the physical violence in 48 of the 49 cultures could be accurately classified.

In short, violence may stem from deprivation of somatosensory pleasure either in infancy or in adolescence. The only true exception in this culture sample is the headhunting Jivaro tribe of South America. Clearly, this society requires detailed study to determine the causes of its violence. The Jivaro belief system may play an important role, for as anthropologist Michael Harner notes in Jivaro Souls, these Indians have a "deep-seated belief that killing leads to the acquisition of souls which provide a supernatural power conferring immunity from death."
sophiaserpentia: (Default)
1. The idea that God is fundamentally and eternally superior to and separate from humankind, will inherently and inevitably lend support to the concept of fundamental superiorities within humankind, particularly those along the lines of gender, race, and economic status.

2. Furthermore, this idea will inherently and inevitably lend rhetorical justification for the use of violence as an acceptable means of promoting an agenda labeled as "holy."

crossposted to my journal and crossposted to [livejournal.com profile] convert_me
sophiaserpentia: (Default)
A friend has asked me to write a post about something I said to her in person, though I have been struggling for a long time on how to put this into written word and perhaps tie it in with a number of other things I have been writing about.

Pleasure is sacred. Therefore:
  • pleasure is good, and

  • each of us has the responsibility to treat pleasure with respect.


It seems silly to me that I have to make a case that pleasure is sacred, but let me demonstrate why I think this is indisputably so. Let me start with this:

Pleasure receptors best known for helping the body respond to morphine and opium may also hold the key to mother-child bonding, scientists reported on Thursday.

Mice pups genetically engineered to lack these receptors -- doorways into cells -- were unable to properly bond to their mothers and did not show the natural distress when separated from her, the researchers said.

from Pleasure Receptor May Hold Key to Mother-Child Bond


These pleasure receptors would also respond to endorphins, the "natural opiates" our bodies produce. Endorphin release corresponds to the feeling of love and the pleasure of sex, and so is a primary mechanism whereby humans are capable of forming bonds with one another.

To come at this from the other end, neurologists investigating the new field of "neurotheology" have demonstrated that the parts of the brain which are responsible for mystical or religious experience are the same parts of the brain that are involved with human sexual response.

If "God is love," then God appears often in the form of pleasure.

It stands to reason, that if pleasure is sacred, that it can be profaned. And it often is; it is unfortunately all too common that pleasure is abused and misused. Addiction is a common form of misuse.

Considering how pervasive sexual abuse is among human beings, the cloud of evil that it casts over the human race is considerable. On many levels, sexual abuse makes it difficult, sometimes impossible, for the abuse survivor to form close or effective bonds with other people. Thus, in addition to the violation that occurs on the level of direct physical abuse, sexual abuse carries the additional violation of profaning one's ability to give and recieve love.

crossposted to my journal and crossposted to [livejournal.com profile] the_pain_sutras

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